Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

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Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby tector » Thu Feb 02, 2012 3:11 pm

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/opinion/sunday/is-gps-all-in-our-head.html

February 2, 2012
Is GPS All in Our Head?
By JULIA FRANKENSTEIN

IT’S a question that probably every driver with a Garmin navigation device on her dashboard has asked herself at least once: What did we ever do before GPS? How did people find their way around, especially in places they’d never been before?

Like most questions asked in our tech-dependent era, these underestimate the power of the human mind. It is surprisingly good at developing “mental maps” of an area, a skill new research shows can grow stronger with use. The question is, with disuse — say, by relying on a GPS device — can we lose the skill too?

The notion of a mental map isn’t new. In the 1940s, the psychologist Edward C. Tolman used rats in mazes to demonstrate that “learning consists not in stimulus-response connections but in the building up in the nervous system of sets which function like cognitive maps.”

This concept is widely accepted today. When exploring a new territory, we perceive landmarks along a route. By remembering their position and the spatial relations between the streets, locations and landmarks we pass, we are able to develop survey knowledge (stored in the mind like a mental map), which enables us to indicate directions, find shortcuts or detours — in short, to react and navigate comfortably.

It’s not all in our heads, though: physical maps help us build cognitive maps. By depicting the spatial relations in a big context, they provide a useful reference to integrate navigational experience.

In one experiment, I had 26 residents of Tübingen, Germany, navigate a three-dimensional model of their hometown by wearing head-mounted displays. My team and I asked them to point to well-known locations around town not visible from their current perceived position.

Varying their viewing direction — facing north, facing east — we then assessed their pointing error. All participants performed best when facing one particular direction, north, and the pointing error increased with increasing deviation from north. In other words, by using knowledge gained from navigation to link their perceived position to the corresponding position on a city map, participants could easily retrieve the locations from their memory of city maps — which, after all, are typically oriented north.

If maps help us, what is the problem with GPS? A lot: new research shows that the more we rely on technology to find our way, the less we build up our cognitive maps. Unlike a city map, a GPS device normally provides bare-bones route information, without the spatial context of the whole area. We see the way from A to Z, but we don’t see the landmarks along the way. Developing a cognitive map from this reduced information is a bit like trying to get an entire musical piece from a few notes.

Our brains act economically: they try to decrease the amount of information to be stored (e.g., by relating new thoughts to already known content) and avoid storing unnecessary information. That may be the unconscious appeal of a GPS, but it means we’re not pushing our brains to work harder.

And a GPS device may even contradict your mental map by telling you to go left (e.g., for a faster highway) while your target is actually to the right. All of this leads us to use our mental maps even less.

But shouldn’t we just accept that GPS is a good substitute for old-fashioned maps? No. Navigational devices can be time-savers, but they can easily become crutches. Break your GPS, and you may find yourself lost.

And there is more: The psychologist Eleanor A. Maguire and her colleagues at University College London found that spatial experience actually changes brain structures. As taxi drivers learned the spatial layout of London, the gray matter in their hippocampal areas — that is, the areas of the brain integrating spatial memories — increased. But if the taxi drivers’ internal GPS grew stronger with use, it stands to reason that the process is reversible after disuse. You may degrade your spatial abilities when not training them, as with someone who learned a musical instrument and stopped playing.

Navigating, keeping track of one’s position and building up a mental map by experience is a very challenging process for our brains, involving memory (remembering landmarks, for instance) as well as complex cognitive processes (like calculating distances, rotating angles, approximating spatial relations). Stop doing these things, and it’ll be harder to pick them back up later.

How to avoid losing our mental maps? The answer, as always, is practice.

Next time you’re in a new place, forget the GPS device. Study a map to get your bearings, then try to focus on your memory of it to find your way around. City maps do not tell you each step, but they provide a wealth of abstract survey knowledge. Fill in these memories with your own navigational experience, and give your brain the chance to live up to its abilities.

Julia Frankenstein is a psychologist at the Center for Cognitive Science at the University of Freiburg.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Orlando Paulitician » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:04 pm

everyoone should learn how to read a map and oreint themselves accordingly. its sad that people don't know which way north is. if florida runs roughly north to south, then I4 runs northeast to southwest. so if you oreint yourself according to I4, you can roughly find north.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby tector » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:12 pm

I just avoid I-4 altogether.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby armedinpasco » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:22 pm

tector wrote:Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

As a GPS user (professionally) for several years now, I must say... NO.
I can still tell direction of travel, follow road signs, look for landmarks, find my own detours through unfamaliar cities and read a map.

What I can tell you is:
A) GPS's don't always take you the best/shortest/quickest way.
B) GPS's can & will plot a different route halfway through your trip, depending on where you are when you enter your destination.
C) GPS's are no substitute for common sense navigation.
D) GPS's will generally get you (at least close to) where you are headed.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby tector » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:29 pm

armedinpasco wrote:
tector wrote:Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

As a GPS user (professionally) for several years now, I must say... NO.
I can still tell direction of travel, follow road signs, look for landmarks, find my own detours through unfamaliar cities and read a map.



Would same be true if you had grown up using GPS extensively?

Consider the users of the modern cash register. They can't do anywhere near the SIMPLE math that people running registers used to do. That could mean that register jobs have just been defined downward in recent decades (i.e. people who would not have been formerly considered register material are now allowed to work there), or it could mean people of roughly the same intellectual percentile have just lost the ability to do simple math through atrophy (the Idiocracy theory).
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Rentprop1 » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:49 pm

a simple test :

if you use your GSP as a following device, I think on mine its called 3D version, meaning it tells you turn left whatever, it looks like you are flying above the car or following the road correctly, like this Image .
if you simply set it to North Up and try and navigate using it as a map over view, if you can't figure out which way to turn, say, east when heading south, then you rely on your GPS too much.

North up view
.
Image
.
and if you need one that has lane assist, your too stupid to drive pull over and step out into traffic, there have been marking road sign telling you where to go since people started driving #-o
.
Image
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby g.willikers » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:54 pm

Orienteering.
The use of maps, compass, objects and natural terrain.
A great hobby and useful skill.
And a good way to meet new people who are as lost as you are.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Doyle » Thu Feb 02, 2012 6:16 pm

I agree. I keep telling my daughter "learn to navigate by using the end of your nose". She would get lost inside of a paper bag - gets it from her mother.

I do use a GPS when I'm hunting unfamiliar territory. I've never needed it to get back to the truck yet, but I keep it running just in case. I know that when it gets dark, deer trails start to all look alike.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby TampaShooters » Thu Feb 02, 2012 6:27 pm

I have found that People are just stupid, GPS or NOT when they get in their car. Most expect their cars to drive them to their destinations, while they nap or text.

I receive calls all the time from people WITH GPS units that still have no idea where they are, and want directions or help. I ask them what their GPS is saying (Because I can hear it screaming in the background) and they say, "Oh, I don't know" ...... I want to hang up on them, but can't... Instead, I have to give them a tutorial on how to use their GPS.

You can't imagine how many people leave their house on a trip and make no preparations or have any idea how they are going to get to their destination. They only know that they left point A and want to get to point B, yet failed to figure out anything in between.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby wolfdog » Thu Feb 02, 2012 6:55 pm

My nominal job title is fleet manager of a company that runs 70 trucks or so. This mostly means I am the head mechanic and as such I have to go on or dispatch service and tire repair calls to the trucks where ever they happen to be. When I started doing this job none of our drivers had GPS units, and could almost always tell me how to get to thier location. Now they all have GPS and don't know where they are half or more of the time. Just today a broke down driver had to walk back to a toll booth he had past just before he had a tire failure so he could find out what toll road he was on. Yep, they will dumb you down if you let them.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby SteyrAUG » Thu Feb 02, 2012 7:08 pm

To use a gun analogy.

Lasers, scopes and red dots can make you more precise and are more efficient, but if you don't know how to fall back on iron sights and get along without them, then you really can't shoot.

GPS is a wonderful convenience, but if you can't manage without it, you can't actually navigate.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Jeepsnguns » Thu Feb 02, 2012 7:38 pm

GPS is the greatest automobile accessory that ever hit the planet for ME.
I'll admit ....I was born directionally challenged.
I have an absolute lack of an internal compass.
Driving around with my wife, amazes me, she always has a handle on what direction we are heading, her internal compass works.
Mine does not exist at all.
Thank you Garmin!!!!
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby BlackJack » Thu Feb 02, 2012 7:51 pm

I hate those devices. I learned to read a map an do terrain association in Ranger School. I always know where I am an can figure out where to go with a little information. To me they're a crutch protecting people from the minimal work it takes to know where you are.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Jeepsnguns » Thu Feb 02, 2012 7:55 pm

tector wrote:I just avoid I-4 altogether.


[smilie=bounce-74.gif]

I-4 can be an absolute P.O.S. I avoid it like the plague.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby wjbarricklow » Thu Feb 02, 2012 8:11 pm

Ever followed someone somewhere, through a bunch of turns, and had to look at map to get out? I know I have. GPS would do about the same thing.

That said, a GPS would be a wonderful device. I have absolutely no sense of direction whatsoever. If it's overcast or the sun's down, I'm screwed. I have the Google app on my iphone, but I don't use it for navigation much.
...and they think I'm compensating for something?
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby razorbuc » Fri Feb 03, 2012 11:14 am

DAMN!!..now,along with everything else,I find that Im Navigationally Deformed...crap.. :ham'r
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Vinnie357 » Sat Feb 04, 2012 12:49 am

I think Tector hit it on the head with the cash register analogy. If you can't make change without the register telling you how much then you rely to much on technology and will be screwed without it. Kinda like seat of the pants flying. Good pilots can tell their orientation (as long as they have visual) without instrumentation. Hell what next, an electronic device to tell a dude on a motorcycle how much lean/direction he needs in a turn? (yeah - I heard about the self parking cars) I like to actually know where I am without having to rely on gps entirely.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby Water Rat » Sat Feb 04, 2012 8:35 am

I ran into this decades ago on the sea and in the air as navigation instruments got more complicated. Can't tell you over the years how many people screwed themselves when they had electrical system failures and they couldn't navigate by simple compass correcting for wind or tide currents or magnetic variations.

Hell most people don't even have a good mechanical compass on board yet alone one thats been compensated in the last 10 years.

The good news is when the EMP pulse hits, most people won't be able to find their way home and their stuff is up for grabs.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby paddledan » Sat Feb 04, 2012 9:04 am

As a surveyor i can tell ya gps is great for what is was design for. Bombs.
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Re: Does using GPS make you navigationally stupider?

Postby screenerglenn » Sat Feb 04, 2012 9:30 am

my job requires that i visit at least 20 new residential locations every week, all residential, frequently in convulated street configurations. GPS eliminates the time needed to pull over, get out the map and find the address. i am able to use the map, just choose not to. technology is your friend. i use it but am not dependent upon it. glennnnn
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